SATA（2）

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<span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; font-family: '-webkit-sans-serif'" class="Apple-style-span">Power Supply


[edit]Standard Connector

                        Pin #MatingFunction                                                        —                        coding notch                                                                                 1                        3rd                        3.3 V                                                        2                        3rd                                                        3                        2nd                                                                                 4                        1st                        Ground                                                        5                        2nd                                                        6                        2nd                                                                                 7                        2nd                        5 V                                                        8                        3rd                                                        9                        3rd                                                                                 10                        2nd                        Ground                                                                                 11                        3rd                        Staggered spinup/Activity
                        (in supporting drives)                                                                                 12                        1st                        Ground                                                                                 13                        2nd                        12 V                                                        14                        3rd                                                        15                        3rd                                                                                                                A 15-pin Serial ATA power receptacle.                The SATA standard also specifies a new power connector. Like the data cable, it is wafer-based, but its wider 15-pin shape prevents accidental mis-identification and forced insertion of the wrong connector type. Native SATA devices favor the SATA power-connector over the old four-pin Molex connector (found on most PATA equipment), although some SATA drives retain older 4-pin Molex in addition to the SATA power connector.
SATA features more pins than the traditional connector for several reasons:

       

• A third voltage is supplied – 3.3 V – in addition to the traditional 5 V and 12 V.       
  
• Each voltage transmits through three pins ganged together – because the small pins by themselves cannot supply sufficient current for some devices. (Each pin should be able to provide 1.5 A.)       
  
• Five pins ganged together provide ground.       
  
• For each of the three voltages, one of the three pins serves for hotplugging. The ground pins and power pins 3, 7, and 13 are longer on the plug (located on the SATA device) so they will connect first. A special hot-plug receptacle (on the cable or a backplane) can connect ground pins 4 and 12 first.       
  
• Pin 11 can function for staggered spinup, activity indication, or nothing. Staggered spinup is used to prevent many drives from spinning up simultaneously, as this may draw too much power. Activity is an indication of whether the drive is busy, and is intended to give feedback to the user through a LED.
  

Adaptors exist which can convert a 4-pin Molex connector to a SATA power connector. However, because the 4-pin Molex connectors do not provide 3.3 V power, these adapters provide only 5 V and 12 V power and leave the 3.3 V lines unconnected. This precludes the use of such adapters with drives that require 3.3 V power. Understanding this, drive manufacturers have largely left the 3.3 V power lines unused. However, without 3.3 V power, the SATA device may not be able to implementhotplugging as mentioned in the previous paragraph.
 

[edit]Slimline Connector

                        Pin #Function                                                                                 1                        Device Present                                                                                 2–3                        5V                                                                                 4                        Manufacturing Diagnostic                                                                                 5–6                        Ground                SATA 2.6 first defined the slimline connector, intended for smaller form-factors, e.g. notebook optical drives.
 

[edit]Micro Connector

                        Pin #Function                                                                                 1–2                        3.3V                                                                                 3–4                        Ground                                                                                 5–6                        5V                                                                                 7                        Reserved                                                                                 8–9                        Vendor Specific                The micro connector originated with SATA 2.6. It is intended for 1.8 inch hard drives. There is also a micro data connector, which it is similar to the standard data connector but is slightly thinner.
 

[size=76%][edit]Topology

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SATA topology: host – expansor - device

SATA uses a point-to-point architecture. The connection between the controller and the storage device is direct.
Modern PC systems usually have a SATA controller on the motherboard, or installed in a PCI or PCI Express slot. Some SATA controllers have multiple SATA ports and can be connected to multiple storage devices. There are also port expanders or multipliers which allow multiple storage devices to be connected to a single SATA controller port.

[size=76%][edit]Encoding

These high-speed transmission protocols use a logic encoding known as 8b10b. The signal uses Non-return to Zero (NRZ) encoding with Low Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS).
In the 8b10b encoding the data sequence includes the synchronizing signal. This technique is known as Clock Data Recovery, because it does not use a separate synchronizing signal. Instead, it uses the serial signal's 0 to 1 transitions to recover the clock signal.

[size=67%][edit]External SATA

It has been suggested that this section be split into a new article entitled eSATA. (Discuss)

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The official eSATA logo

eSATA, standardized in 2004, provides a variant of SATA meant for external connectivity. It has revised electrical requirements in addition to incompatible cables and connectors:

       

• Minimum transmit potential increased: Range is 500–600 mV instead of 400–600 mV.       
  
• Minimum receive potential decreased: Range is 240–600 mV instead of 325–600 mV.       
  
• Identical protocol and logical signaling (link/transport-layer and above), allowing native SATA devices to be deployed in external enclosures with minimal modification       
  
• Maximum cable length of 2 m (USB and FireWire allow longer distances.)       
  
• The external cable connector equates to a shielded version of the connector specified in SATA 1.0a with these basic differences:       
  
                 
  
  • The external connector has no "L" shaped key, and the guide features are vertically offset and reduced in size. This prevents the use of unshielded internal cables in external applications and vice-versa.               
    
  • To prevent ESD damage, the design increased insertion depth from 5 mm to 6.6 mm and the contacts are mounted farther back in both the receptacle and plug.               
    
  • To provide EMI protection and meet FCC and CE emission requirements, the cable has an extra layer of shielding, and the connectors have metal contact-points.               
    
  • The connector shield has springs as retention features built in on both the top and bottom surfaces.               
    
  • The external connector and cable have a design-life of over five thousand insertions and removals, while the internal connector is only specified to withstand fifty.       
    
  
  

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SATA (left) and eSATA (right) connectors

Aimed at the consumer market, eSATA enters an external storage market already served by the USB and FireWire interfaces. Most external hard-disk-drive cases with FireWire or USB interfaces use either PATA or SATA drives and "bridges" to translate between the drives' interfaces and the enclosures' external ports, and this bridging incurs some inefficiency. Some single disks can transfer almost 120 MB/s during real use,[4] more than twice the maximum transfer rate of USB 2.0 or FireWire 400 (IEEE 1394a) and well in excess of the maximum transfer rate of FireWire 800, though the S3200 FireWire 1394b spec reaches ~400 MB/s (3.2Gbit/s). Finally, some low-level drive features, such asS.M.A.R.T., may not operate through USB or FireWire bridging.[12] eSATA does not suffer from these issues.

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HDMI, Ethernet, and eSATA ports on a Sky+ HD Digibox

Commentators[who?] expect that eSATA will co-exist with USB 2.0 and FireWire external storage for several reasons. As of early 2008 the vast majority of mass-market computers have USB ports and many computers and consumer electronic appliances have FireWire ports, but few devices have external SATA connectors. For small form-factor devices (such as external 2.5" (70 mm) disks), a PC-hosted USB or FireWire link supplies sufficient power to operate the device. Where a PC-hosted port is concerned, eSATA connectors cannot supply power, and would therefore be more cumbersome to use.
Owners of desktop computers that lack a built-in eSATA interface can upgrade them with the installation of an eSATA host bus adapter (HBA), while notebooks can be upgraded with Cardbus[13] or ExpressCard[14] versions of an eSATA HBA. With passive adapters the maximum cable length is reduced to 1 meter due to the absence of compliant eSATA signal-levels. Full SATA speed for external disks (115 MB/s) have been measured with external RAID enclosures.[citation needed]
eSATA may[original research?] attract the enterprise and server market, which has already standardized on the Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) interface, because of its hotplug capability and low price.
Prior to the final eSATA specification, a number of products existed designed for external connections of SATA drives. Some of these use the internal SATA connector or even connectors designed for other interface specifications, such as FireWire. These products are not eSATA compliant. The final eSATA specification features a specific connector designed for rough handling, similar to the regular SATA connector, but with reinforcements in both the male and female sides, inspired by the USB connector. eSATA resists inadvertent unplugging, and can withstand yanking or wiggling which would break a male SATA connector (the hard-drive or host adapter, usually fitted inside the computer). With an eSATA connector, considerably more force is needed to damage the connector, and if it does break it is likely to be the female side, on the cable itself, which is relatively easy to replace.[citation needed]

[size=67%][edit]Backward and forward compatibility


[size=76%][edit]SATA and PATA

At the device level, SATA and PATA devices remain completely incompatible — they cannot be interconnected. At the application level, SATA devices are specified to look and act like PATA devices.[15] Many motherboards offer a "legacy mode" option which makes SATA drives appear to the OS like PATA drives on a standard controller. This eases OS installation by not requiring a specific driver to be loaded during setup but sacrifices support for some features of SATA and generally disables some of the boards' PATA or SATA ports since the standard PATA controller interface only supports 4 drives. (Often which ports are disabled is configurable.)
The common heritage of the ATA command set has enabled the proliferation of low-cost PATA to SATA bridge-chips. Bridge-chips were widely used on PATA drives (before the completion of native SATA drives) as well as standalone "dongles." When attached to a PATA drive, a device-side dongle allows the PATA drive to function as a SATA drive. Host-side dongles allow a motherboard PATA port to function as a SATA host port.
The market has produced powered enclosures for both PATA and SATA drives which interface to the PC through USB, Firewire or eSATA, with the restrictions noted above. PCI cards with a SATA connector exist that allow SATA drives to connect to legacy systems without SATA connectors.

[size=76%][edit]SATA 1.5 Gbit/s and SATA 3 Gbit/s

The designers of SATA aimed for backward and forward compatibility with future revisions of the SATA standard.[16]
According to the hard drive manufacturer Maxtor, motherboard host controllers using the VIA and SIS chipsets VT8237, VT8237R, VT6420, VT6421L, SIS760, SIS964 found on the ECS 755-A2 manufactured in 2003, do not support SATA 3 Gbit/s drives. To address interoperability problems, the largest hard drive manufacturer, Seagate/Maxtor, has added a user-accessible jumper-switch known as the Force 150, to switch between 150 MB/s and 300 MB/s operation.[5] Users with a SATA 1.5 Gbit/s motherboard with one of the listed chipsets should either buy an ordinary SATA 1.5 Gbit/s hard disk, buy a SATA 3 Gbit/s hard disk with the user-accessible jumper, or buy a PCI or PCI-E card to add full SATA 3 Gbit/s capability and compatibility. Western Digital uses a jumper setting called "OPT1 Enabled" to force 150 MB/s data transfer speed. OPT1 is used by putting the jumper on pins 5 & 6.[17]

[size=67%][edit]Comparisons with other interfaces


[size=76%][edit]SATA and SCSI

SCSI currently offers transfer rates higher than SATA, but it uses a more complex bus, usually resulting in higher manufacturing costs. SCSI buses also allow connection of several drives (using multiple channels, 7 or 15 on each channel), whereas SATA allows one drive per channel, unless using a port multiplier.
SATA 3.0 Gbit/s offers a maximum bandwidth of 300 MB/s per device compared to SCSI with a maximum of 320 MB/s. Also, SCSI drives provide greater sustained throughput than SATA drives because of disconnect-reconnect and aggregating performance. SATA devices generally link compatibly to SAS enclosures and adapters, while SCSI devices cannot be directly connected to a SATA bus.
SCSI, SAS and fibre-channel (FC) drives are typically more expensive so they are traditionally used in servers and disk arrays where the added cost is justifiable. Inexpensive ATA and SATA drives evolved in thehome-computer market, hence there is a view that they are less reliable. As those two worlds overlapped, the subject of reliability became somewhat controversial. Note that generally a disk drive has a low failure rate because of the quality of its heads, platters and supporting manufacturing processes, not because of having a certain interface.

[size=76%][edit]eSATA in comparison to other external buses

[table=1,#f9f9f9]                        [tr]                        Name  Raw bandwidth (Mbit/s)  Transfer speed (MB/s)  Max. cable length (m)  Power provided  Devices per Channel                  [/tr]                [tr]                        [td]SAS[/td]                        [td]3000[/td]                        [td]375[/td]                        [td]8[/td]                        [td]No[/td]                        [td]4[/td]                [/tr]                [tr]                        [td]eSATA[/td]                        [td]3000[/td]                        [td]300[/td]                        [td]2 with eSATA HBA (1 with passive adapter)[/td]                        [td]No[18][/td]                        [td]1 (15 with port multiplier)[/td]                [/tr]                [tr]                        [td]SATA 300[/td]                        [td]3000[/td]                        [td]300[/td]                        [td]1[/td]                        [td]No[/td]                        [td]1 (15 with port multiplier)[/td]                [/tr]                [tr]                        [td]SATA 150[/td]                        [td]1500[/td]                        [td]150[/td]                        [td]1[/td]                        [td]No[/td]                        [td]1 per line[/td]                [/tr]                [tr]                        [td]PATA 133[/td]                        [td]1064[/td]                        [td]133[/td]                        [td]0.46 (18 inches)[/td]                        [td]No[/td]                        [td]2[/td]                [/tr]                [tr]                        [td]FireWire 3200[/td]                        [td]3144[/td]                        [td]393[/td]                        [td]100; alternate cables available for 100 m+[/td]                        [td]15 W, 12–25 V[/td]                        [td]63 (with hub)[/td]                [/tr]                [tr]                        [td]FireWire 800[/td]                        [td]786[/td]                        [td]98.25[/td]                        [td]100[19][/td]                        [td]15 W, 12–25 V[/td]                        [td]63 (with hub)[/td]                [/tr]                [tr]                        [td]FireWire 400[/td]                        [td]393[/td]                        [td]49.13[/td]                        [td]4.5[19][20][/td]                        [td]15 W, 12–25 V[/td]                        [td]63 (with hub)[/td]                [/tr]                [tr]                        [td]USB 2.0[/td]                        [td]480[/td]                        [td]60[/td]                        [td]5[21][/td]                        [td]2.5 W, 5 V[/td]                        [td]127 (with hub)[/td]                [/tr]                [tr]                        [td]USB 3.0*[/td]                        [td]5000[/td]                        [td]625[/td]                        [td]3[22][/td]                        [td]4.5 W, 5 V[/td]                        [td]127 (with hub)[22][/td]                [/tr]                [tr]                        [td]Ultra-320 SCSI[/td]                        [td]2560[/td]                        [td]320[/td]                        [td]12[/td]                        [td]No[/td]                        [td]15 (plus the HBA)[/td]                [/tr]                [tr]                        [td]Fibre Channel
                        over copper cable[/td]                        [td]4000[/td]                        [td]400[/td]                        [td]12[/td]                        [td]No[/td]                        [td]126
                        (16777216 with switches)[/td]                [/tr]                [tr]                        [td]Fibre Channel
                        over optic fiber[/td]                        [td]10520[/td]                        [td]2000[/td]                        [td]2–50000[/td]                        [td]No[/td]                        [td]126
                        (16777216 with switches)[/td]                [/tr]                [tr]                        [td]Infiniband
                        12X Quad-rate[/td]                        [td]120000[/td]                        [td]12000[/td]                        [td]5 (copper)[23][24]