MQTT 是轻量级的、灵活的物联网消息交换和数据传递协议,致力于为 IoT 开发人员实现灵活性与硬件/网络资源的平衡。 ESP8266 提供了⼀套⾼度集成的 Wi-Fi SoC 解决⽅案,其低功耗、 紧凑设计和⾼稳定性可以满⾜⽤户的需求。ESP8266 拥有完整的且⾃成体系的 Wi-Fi ⽹络功能,既能够独⽴应⽤,也可以作为从机搭载于其他主机 MCU 运⾏。 在此项目中我们将实现 ESP8266 连接到 EMQ X Cloud 运营和维护的免费公共 MQTT 服务器,并使用 Arduino IDE 来对 ESP8266 进行编程。 EMQ X Cloud 是由 EMQ 推出的安全的 MQTT 物联网云服务平台,它提供一站式运维代管、独有隔离环境的 MQTT 5.0 接入服务。 所需物联网组件
ESP8266 Pub/Sub 示意图
ESP8266 代码编写首先我们将导入 ESP8266WiFi 和 PubSubClient 库,ESP8266WiFi 库能够将 ESP8266 连接到 Wi-Fi 网络,PubSubClient 库能使 ESP8266 连接到 MQTT 服务器发布消息及订阅主题。
- #include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
- #include <PubSubClient.h>
复制代码设置 Wi-Fi 名称和密码,以及 MQTT 服务器连接地址和端口
- const char *ssid = "name"; // Enter your WiFi name
- const char *password = "pass"; // Enter WiFi password
- const char *mqtt_broker = "broker.emqx.io";
- const int mqtt_port = 1883;
复制代码打开一个串行连接,以便于输出程序的结果并且连接到 Wi-Fi 网络 - // Set software serial baud to 115200;
- Serial.begin(115200);
- // connecting to a WiFi network
- WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
- while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
- delay(500);
- Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi..");
- }
复制代码设置 MQTT 服务器,并编写回调函数,同时将连接信息打印到串口监视器上 - client.setServer(mqtt_broker, mqtt_port);
- client.setCallback(callback);
- while (!client.connected()) {
- Serial.println("Connecting to public emqx mqtt broker.....");
- if (client.connect("esp8266-client")) {
- Serial.println("Public emqx mqtt broker connected");
- } else {
- Serial.print("failed with state ");
- Serial.print(client.state());
- delay(2000);
- }
- }
- void callback(char *topic, byte *payload, unsigned int length) {
- Serial.print("Message arrived in topic: ");
- Serial.println(topic);
- Serial.print("Message:");
- for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
- Serial.print((char) payload[i]);
- }
- Serial.println();
- Serial.println("-----------------------");
- }
复制代码MQTT 服务器连接成功后,ESP8266 将向 MQTT 服务器发布消息和订阅主题
- // publish and subscribe
- client.publish("esp8266/test", "hello emqx");
- client.subscribe("esp8266/test");
复制代码
将主题名称打印到串行端口,然后打印收到消息的每个字节
- void callback(char *topic, byte *payload, unsigned int length) {
- Serial.print("Message arrived in topic: ");
- Serial.println(topic);
- Serial.print("Message:");
- for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
- Serial.print((char) payload[i]);
- }
- Serial.println();
- Serial.println("-----------------------");
- }
复制代码
MQTT 服务器的连接和测试完整代码
- #include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
- #include <PubSubClient.h>
- const char *ssid = "name"; // Enter your WiFi name
- const char *password = "pass"; // Enter WiFi password
- const char *mqtt_broker = "broker.emqx.io";
- const int mqtt_port = 1883;
- WiFiClient espClient;
- PubSubClient client(espClient);
- void setup() {
- // Set software serial baud to 115200;
- Serial.begin(115200);
- // connecting to a WiFi network
- WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
- while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
- delay(500);
- Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi..");
- }
- Serial.println("Connected to the WiFi network");
- //connecting to a mqtt broker
- client.setServer(mqtt_broker, mqtt_port);
- client.setCallback(callback);
- while (!client.connected()) {
- Serial.println("Connecting to public emqx mqtt broker.....");
- if (client.connect("esp8266-client")) {
- Serial.println("Public emqx mqtt broker connected");
- } else {
- Serial.print("failed with state ");
- Serial.print(client.state());
- delay(2000);
- }
- }
- // publish and subscribe
- client.publish("esp8266/test", "hello emqx");
- client.subscribe("esp8266/test");
- }
- void callback(char *topic, byte *payload, unsigned int length) {
- Serial.print("Message arrived in topic: ");
- Serial.println(topic);
- Serial.print("Message:");
- for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
- Serial.print((char) payload[i]);
- }
- Serial.println();
- Serial.println("-----------------------");
- }
- void loop() {
- client.loop();
- }
复制代码
总结至此,我们已成功使 ESP8266 连接到 EMQ X Cloud 提供的公共 MQTT 服务器。 在本项目中我们简单的将 ESP8266 连接到 MQTT 服务器,这只是 ESP8266 较为基础的能力之一,ESP8266 其实还能与各类物联网传感器相连,并将传感器数据上报至 MQTT 服务器。 接下来我们将会陆续发布更多关于物联网开发及 ESP8266 的相关文章,尽情关注。
|