SAMA5D3 Embedded Study 初阶段

wspytu

SAMA5D3嵌入式学习初阶段
在学习SAMA5D3 XPLAINED开发板过程中，查找到“阿青1987”的博客园有许多关于SAMA5D3_Xpalined开发板文章，链接地址如下：https://www.cnblogs.com/aqing1987/p/4290548.html#3180430;还有百度文库“血火火”的一篇“Atmel开发板sama5d3x开发环境搭建”文章，链接地址如下：https://wenku.baidu.com/view/620f43f7d0d233d4b04e691f.html;根据查找资料再参考linux4sam网站的getting started、AT91BOOTSTRAP、U-BOOT、LINUX-KERNEL、BUILD-BOOT等内容，搭建开发板编译环境。学习过程中不断摸索，走了很多弯路，就如“摸着石头过河”，有很多困惑，没有深入学习，也在担心自己有没有走错路。
开始正文：
第一步 配置交叉编译工具：
1.下载“阿青1987”推荐的arm-none-eabi交叉编译工具，连接地址如下：
https://sourcery.mentor.com/GNUToolchain/package8734/public/arm-none-eabi/arm-2011.03-42-arm-none-eabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu.tar.bz2
2.下载解压后，使用命令tar xvf将解压文件放至于/opt/arm-cross下
3.添加环境变量, nano ~/.bashrc，如使用普通用户’~’表示根目录/home/用户名，如使用管理员方式’~’表示根目录/root；
在应用过程中，使用的是另一种方式，以管理员身份输入命令(否则提示文件为只读模式)：vi /etc/profile，在最后一行添加：export PATH=$PATH ：/opt/arm-cross/arm-2011.03/bin；再执行source /etc/profile
使用nano编译文件比较方便，如同记事本，ctrl+o为保存，ctrl+x退出
使用vi编译文件,通常为命令模式，x删除光标所在字符，dd删除正行，:wq保存退出，:q!强制退出；i进入插入模式，如果插入字符错误，请按esc键退出插入模式进入命令模式删除字符
4.可以查看/opt/arm-cross下编译工具
# ls /opt/arm-cross
arm-2011.03  arm-2011.03-42-arm-none-eabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu.tar.bz2
# ls /opt/arm-cross/arm-2011.03/bin
arm-none-eabi-addr2line  arm-none-eabi-gcc-4.5.2  arm-none-eabi-ranlib
arm-none-eabi-ar  arm-none-eabi-gcov  arm-none-eabi-readelf
arm-none-eabi-as  arm-none-eabi-gdb  arm-none-eabi-run
arm-none-eabi-c++  arm-none-eabi-gdbtui  arm-none-eabi-size
arm-none-eabi-c++filt  arm-none-eabi-gprof  arm-none-eabi-sprite
arm-none-eabi-cpp  arm-none-eabi-ld  arm-none-eabi-strings
arm-none-eabi-elfedit  arm-none-eabi-nm  arm-none-eabi-strip
arm-none-eabi-g++  arm-none-eabi-objcopy
arm-none-eabi-gcc  arm-none-eabi-objdump
第二步 下载at91bootstrap并编译：
1.下载安装过程请参考linux4sam网站，我下载目录在/home/allen/ATMEL
2.部分指令如下：
# cd /home/allen/ATMEL/at91bootstrap/
# make mrproper
CLEAN  obj and misc files!
CLEAN  configuration files!
CLEAN  binary files!
# make sama5d3_xplainednf_uboot_defconfig
#
# configuration written to .config
#
#
# make dependencies written to .auto.deps
# See top of this file before playing with this auto-preprequisites!
#
上述为编译时系统输出信息
# make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-eabi-
等待编译完成输出如下信息
……
Size of sama5d3_xplained-nandflashboot-uboot-3.7.2-rc2.bin is 20084 bytes
[Succeeded] It's OK to fit into SRAM area
[Attention] The space left for stack is 45452 bytes
查看binanries文件目录内容，可以看到.bin文件
# ls binaries/
at91bootstrap.bin
sama5d3_xplained-nandflashboot-uboot-3.7.2-rc2.bin
sama5d3_xplained-nandflashboot-uboot-3.7.2-rc2.elf
sama5d3_xplained-nandflashboot-uboot-3.7.2-rc2.map

At91bootstrap编译完成图片
第三步 下载u-boot-at91并编译：
1.下载安装过程请参考linux4sam网站，我下载目录在/home/allen/ATMEL
2.部分指令如下：
# cd /home/allen/ATMEL/u-boot-at91/
# make distclean
CLEAN  examples/standalone
CLEAN  tools
CLEAN  tools/lib tools/common
CLEAN  spl/arch spl/board spl/common spl/drivers spl/fs spl/lib spl/u-boot-spl spl/u-boot-spl.bin spl/u-boot-spl.lds spl/u-boot-spl.map
CLEAN  boot.bin u-boot u-boot.bin u-boot.img u-boot.lds u-boot.map u-boot.srec System.map
CLEAN  scripts/basic
CLEAN  scripts/kconfig
CLEAN  include/config include/generated spl
CLEAN  .config include/autoconf.mk include/autoconf.mk.dep include/config.h
distclean系统输出如上信息
# make sama5d3_xplained_nandflash_config
HOSTCC  scripts/basic/fixdep
HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/conf.o
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.lex.c
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.c
HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o
HOSTLD  scripts/kconfig/conf
#
# configuration written to .config
#
#
# configuration written to spl/.config
#
配置config输出如上信息
# make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-eabi-
编译完成输出如下信息：
OBJCOPY spl/u-boot-spl.bin
MKIMAGE boot.bin

u-boot编译完成图片
第四步 下载linux-at91并编译：
1.下载安装过程请参考linux4sam网站，我下载目录在/home/allen/ATMEL
2.部分指令如下：
# make ARCH=arm sama5d3_xplained_defconfig
HOSTCC  scripts/basic/fixdep
HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/conf.o
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.lex.c
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.c
HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o
HOSTLD  scripts/kconfig/conf
#
# configuration written to .config
配置config输出以上信息，官网上指令为make ARCH=arm sama5d3_xplained_defconfig for instance，但是一直提示错误
# make ARCH=arm  CROSS_COMPILE=/opt/arm-cross/arm-2011.03/bin/arm-none-eabi- zImage
编译zImage输出信息量较多，不列举了
# make ARCH=arm  CROSS_COMPILE=/opt/arm-cross/arm-2011.03/bin/arm-none-eabi- uImage
CHK  include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h
CHK  include/generated/utsrelease.h
make[1]: “include/generated/mach-types.h”是最新的。
CALL  scripts/checksyscalls.sh
CC  scripts/mod/devicetable-offsets.s
GEN  scripts/mod/devicetable-offsets.h
HOSTCC  scripts/mod/file2alias.o
HOSTLD  scripts/mod/modpost
CHK  include/generated/compile.h
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready
UIMAGE  arch/arm/boot/uImage
Image Name:  Linux-3.10.0+
Created:  Tue May 12 17:35:53 2015
Image Type:  ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size:  3804104 Bytes = 3714.95 kB = 3.63 MB
Load Address: 20008000
Entry Point:  20008000
Image arch/arm/boot/uImage is ready
编译uImage输出以上信息
# make ARCH=arm  CROSS_COMPILE=/opt/arm-cross/arm-2011.03/bin/arm-none-eabi- dtbs

Linux-at91 zImage编译完成图片

Linux-at91 uImage dtbs编译图片
后续文章内容会包括tftp服务器、nfs服务器，但在配置SAMA5D3_XPLAINED开发板nfs功能时，编译buildroot-at91一直提示出错，一直卡在这个位置，告警提示内容如下：
>>> toolchain-external undefined Patching
>>> toolchain-external undefined Configuring
Cannot execute cross-compiler '/home/allen/ATMEL/buildroot-at91/output/host/opt/ext-toolchain/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc'
make: *** [/home/allen/ATMEL/buildroot-at91/output/build/toolchain-external-undefined/.stamp_configured] 错误 1
如果有论坛朋友知道问题原因，请一定告诉我！！！谢谢
感谢爱板论坛版主的支持，可以继续学习SAMA5D3_Xplained开发板！感谢博客园“阿青1987”拍疑解惑！请高手不吝赐教，让我们初学者走出困惑！
wspytu 2015/5/13